ABSTRACT
Heparin is a sulphate polysaccharide of glycosaminoglycan that is made predominantly by mast cells of connective tissue. It is used in the management of thromboembolic problems in medicine. Heparin acts as a catalyst for antithrombin III, increasing its activity by thousand times. The larger heparin species catalyses the inactivation of activated factors II and X, in contrast LMWH inactivates the activated factor X. The final effect for both is systemic anti-coagulation. Heparin also produces platelet aggregating antibodies and causes coagulopathy in rare conditions. LMWH especially Enoxaparin (Inj Clexane) proved an effective treatment in patients with Covid -19 infection by preventing thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism thereby, helped in survival of the patients by reducing the risk of death due to coagulation and fibrosis. Hence, clinical trial reports and SOAP analysis of clinical case studies in random subjects and patients reported the over-view of advantages using LMWH heparins in disease management and emergency traumatic injuries produced a beneficial role of using LMWH over unfractioned heparins.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: A questionnaire-based study was conducted to understand the pros and cons of online education among undergraduate dental students across India. The study was also proposed to assess the mental and physical well-being of the students amid the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. METHODS: A total of 533 undergraduate dental students across India participated in a cross-sectional study by means of virtual survey. A self-designed questionnaire was created using google forms. The questionnaire consisted of 25 questions and was divided into two parts, first, regarding the academic outcome of online dental education and second, psychological and physical well-being of the students in reference to online dental education. A descriptive statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS statistics software. RESULTS: In the present study, 91.6% students reported that the format of dental education was shifted to online lectures due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 86.4% students suggested that they preferred offline lectures rather than online lectures. Psychological and physical well-being were affected in both male and female students; however, male students were affected more significantly than females. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that the education of dental students was adversely affected as a result of COVID-19 pandemic. The physical and psychological well-being of the students has also been affected, with males being affected in a higher proportion. The study concluded that the quality of online education should be enhanced and must be student centred to meet their education requirements. Also, there is a need of regular counselling and other measures to alleviate the students from the psychological stresses.